Adverb
A word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree, etc.
A temporal adverb indicating that an action or event has been “completed” or occurred in the past.
telah
More formal than sudah.
wis
Used in familiar contexts.
enggeus
Used among peers.
This word is the archaic spelling of sudah following the Van Ophuijsen orthography system. The use of oe represents the [u] vowel sound, reflecting Dutch linguistic influence during the colonial era. In the Soewandi Spelling System (Ejaan Republik) enacted in 1947, the spelling transitioned to sudah. The variants soeda or soedah were prevalent in Indonesian literature, correspondence, and newspapers prior to 1947.
Ia soeda lama tinggal di kota ini sebelum perang meletus. (Dia sudah lama tinggal di kota ini sebelum perang meletus.)
Representative of real-world usage and contextual accuracy.
Slang evolves fast. If this word is used differently in your circle, add it here.
Definition: An interrogative phrase in krama inggil Javanese register meaning “how” or “in what manner”, used to politely inquire about the condition, state, or method of something with a high degree of respect.
Learn More