Inggil
/jv/Source Language: The language or dialect this term originates from (JV).Definition & Context
NounNoun
A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
In the Javanese context, “inggil” refers to the highest level in the Javanese speech level system, known as “krama inggil”, used to show utmost respect to the interlocutor or the person being discussed.
Synonyms & Variants
duwur
Low-level Javanese (ngoko) form to express a high position.
luhur
Describes the noble and honorable meaning contained in "inggil".
madya
The middle level in the Javanese hierarchy of politeness.
takzim
Extreme respect or being very polite.
tinggi
Standard Indonesian equivalent for the basic meaning of 'high' or 'noble'.
krama madya
Part of the krama system, but not the highest level like "inggil".
alus
A similar concept of politeness in other Indonesian cultures, though the systems differ.
Usage Notes or Etymology
The term “inggil” originates from the Javanese root word inggil, meaning 'high' or 'noble'. In Javanese linguistics, the speech level system is primarily divided into three main strata: ngoko (low/informal), krama madya (middle), and krama inggil (high/formal). The use of “krama inggil” reflects the deep social and cultural hierarchy in Javanese society that highly values politeness, often employed when speaking to elders, superiors, or in sacred traditional ceremonies.
Real-world Usage
Griya kulo ingkang inggil punika, pak. (Rumah saya yang ada di atas sana pak)
English Translation
Representative of real-world usage and contextual accuracy.
More Examples
Panjenengan kedah ngginakaken basa krama inggil menawi matur kalih sesepuh, lho. (Kamu harus pakai bahasa krama inggil kalau ngomong sama orang tua, lho.)
You have to use the highest form of Javanese when speaking to elders, you know.