Doenia
Definition & Context
Noun
A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
The Earth and all its contents; the “life” of humans and other living beings.
Synonyms & Variants
alam
Everything that exists in the sky and on earth (such as plants, animals, etc.); the natural environment.
bumi
"Bumi" is used as a partial synonym of "doenia", especially when referring to the dwelling place of humans and living beings. However, "bumi" is more physical-geographical, while "doenia" encompasses social and life dimensions.
dunia
The Earth and all its contents; the life of humans and other living beings.
jagad
Archaic or poetic form for 'world' or 'universe', often used in literary or philosophical contexts.
alam semesta
"Alam semesta" is synonymous with "doenia" in a broader cosmological context, though in everyday old usage both were often interchanged to refer to all of creation.
jagat
"Jagat" is a loanword from Javanese/Sanskrit with a similar meaning to "doenia", often used in classical Javanese-Malay literary and cultural contexts to refer to the world or the realm of life.
Usage Notes or Etymology
The word “doenia” is an old spelling of the word dunia used during the Van Ophuijsen orthography era (before 1947). This spelling change reflects the transition from oe to u after the Indonesian language orthography reform. In the Soewandi Orthography (1947-1972), this word changed to “dunia”. This term is often found in past literature and documents reflecting the 'tempo doeloe' context.
Real-world Usage
Dalem doenia tida ada banjak menoesia jang terbagei samarata. (Dalam dunia tidak ada banyak manusia yang terbagi sama rata.)
English Translation
Representative of real-world usage and contextual accuracy.
Verified Evidence1
Boekoe Soerat-Soerat (TH. A. Du Mosch) Boekoe Soerat-Soerat (TH. A. Du Mosch)
ImageliteratureVerify Context
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