Menoesia
Definition & Context
Noun
A word that functions as the name of a specific object or set of objects, such as living creatures, places, actions, qualities, states of existence, or ideas.
A rational being with feelings, will, and the ability to think; a “person”. (Modern Synonym: manusia)
Synonyms & Variants
bani
Descendants or offspring of a person or group, often used in historical or religious contexts to refer to 'children' or 'descendants' of humanity.
insan
'Insan' (from Arabic) carries a similar meaning, emphasizing the human and spiritual dimension of a rational being. Used in formal and literary contexts, parallel to the formal and elevated register of 'menoesia'.
manusia
The modern and standard equivalent of 'menoesia'; both refer to a rational being. 'Manusia' is the form used in contemporary formal Indonesian, replacing the archaic 'menoesia'.
orang
'Orang' is a more general and casual functional synonym, directly cited in the definition of 'menoesia'. However, its semantic scope is broader as it can refer to a specific individual, while 'menoesia' carries a more generic-philosophical sense.
umat
A group of people sharing common beliefs or goals, often in a religious context.
Usage Notes or Etymology
The word “menoesia” is an archaic form of the modern word manusia, written in the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System. This word originates from the Sanskrit manusya, meaning 'human' or 'descendant of Manu'. The use of 'oe' for the /u/ sound is a characteristic feature of this spelling. In the Soewandi Spelling System, this word changed to “manusia”, reflecting the official orthographic changes in Indonesia.
Real-world Usage
Dalem doenia tida ada banjak menoesia jang terbagei samarata. (Dalam dunia tidak ada banyak manusia yang terbagi sama rata.)
English Translation
Representative of real-world usage and contextual accuracy.
Verified Evidence1
Boekoe Soerat-Soerat (TH. A. Du Mosch) Boekoe Soerat-Soerat (TH. A. Du Mosch)
ImageliteratureVerify Context
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