Formal Indonesian

“An individual sample or part of a group, organism, or material collected for the purpose of research, examination, or scientific documentation. In medical and laboratory contexts, this term refers to a physical representation used as an object of analysis to determine overall characteristics.”

“A quantitative measure indicating the degree of brightness or light intensity of an astronomical object on a logarithmic scale. A lower numerical value signifies a brighter luminosity. This term refers to the physical magnitude that classifies celestial bodies based on the received radiative energy.”

“The process of “rapid spread” or “growth” that expands widely in large quantities, particularly referring to exponential increase of something such as disease, technology, or social phenomena.”

“Pertaining to the science of medicine or the practice of healing, including matters related to professional human health treatment, diagnosis, and care.”

“The process of “duplication” or creating accurate data copies within computing systems to ensure information availability and integrity.”

“Characterized by being wholly determined by initial conditions so that outcomes or behavior contain no randomness. The term, commonly called “deterministic”, is used in scientific contexts to denote systems that are predictable. Common equivalents for general audiences: “certain”, “predictable”, “non-random”, “fixed”.”

“A place where pharmaceutical practices are conducted by a pharmacist to distribute pharmaceutical preparations and other health supplies to the community. This term refers to an official “healthcare facility” operating under government license.”

“Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the interaction between electric fields and magnetic fields as a single, interrelated phenomenon. This field encompasses the study of electric charges, currents, and electromagnetic radiation which form the basis for fundamental laws of the universe.”

“An idea, concept, or position that constitutes the direct opposite or absolute contradiction of a given thesis. In formal contexts, it refers to a contrast used to highlight extreme differences through the opposition of mutually exclusive ideas.”

“Pertaining to or originating from beyond the atmosphere or physical boundaries of planet Earth. This term refers to any phenomena, celestial bodies, or hypothetical biological entities existing in outer space or other worlds outside the terrestrial system.”

“A green pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, functioning as a solar light absorber to facilitate the process of photosynthesis. This substance is a crucial element in converting light energy into chemical energy to produce carbohydrates.”

“A physics concept stating that “space” and “time” are relative to the observer's frame of reference, as formulated by Albert Einstein through the theory of relativity.”

“The process of unifying or merging various distinct elements, systems, groups, or entities into a single coherent and functional whole. In the context of public policy and organizational management, “integration” refers to a coordinated effort to unify previously separate components so that they operate synergistically.”

“Integritas is a “quality” or condition indicating a complete and unblemished unity. It encompasses the wholeness and consistency of strong “moral values” and ethics.”

“A scientific analytical technique that studies the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter to determine the structure, composition, or physical properties of a substance. This method measures the intensity of light absorbed, emitted, or scattered as a function of wavelength or frequency.”

“Action or process that deliberately reduces or removes “legitimacy” from an individual, institution, policy, or idea, causing its validity or authority to be questioned or lost.”

“A branch of philosophy that investigates the fundamental nature of “being” and “reality”. In logical classification, it refers to a formal system defining categories, properties, and relationships between entities within a specific domain of knowledge.”

“Characterized by an assumption or conjecture that has not yet been empirically proven. This term refers to conditions or theoretical foundations proposed as provisional explanations that require further verification to establish their validity.”

“Having contradictory feelings, attitudes, or thoughts simultaneously toward a subject or situation. This condition is characterized by the presence of two opposing values or impulses that coexist, resulting in hesitation or uncertainty in decision-making.”

“A yellowish-brown bile pigment that is a “waste product” resulting from the breakdown of red blood cells by the liver.”

“A branch of physics that studies the relationship between “thermal energy” and other forms of energy, as well as the laws governing energy transfer and conversion within physical systems.”

“Dominance or control exercised by one group, nation, or ideology over others through political, economic, or cultural power. “Hegemony” refers to “supremacy” or “dominating leadership” in power relations.”

“A measure of the degree of disorder or chaos within a system, where a higher entropy value indicates a greater level of “uncertainty” and the dispersal of energy that can no longer be utilized. This concept applies in thermodynamics, information theory, and various other scientific disciplines.”

“A word class that functions to describe or modify the meaning of a “noun” or “pronoun” to make it more specific. This category provides information regarding attributes, states, characters, or qualities of an object or person.”