Formal Indonesian

“Stated clearly, explicitly, and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt. It describes information that is “unambiguous” and directly expressed, ensuring that the intended meaning is fully understood without any implied or hidden connotations.”

“A stance or condition of non-involvement and neutrality in political affairs; remaining impartial toward any form of political activity or ideology.”

“Measure of total heat energy in a thermodynamic system at constant pressure, referring to the heat capacity contained in a substance or system.”

“A linguistic form that expresses the meaning of smallness, diminution, or reduction in degree from its base word. In morphology, “diminutive” refers to an affix, word, or construction that conveys smallness either physically or emotively.”

“The property of an operation or function whereby repeated execution with the same input produces the same result as a single execution. The concept of “idempotency” ensures that repetition of an operation causes no unintended side effects.”

“A benign tumor of epithelial origin that develops specifically within “glandular” structures. This growth is generally non-cancerous, though it may affect hormonal functions or compress surrounding organs depending on its anatomical location.”

“An economic condition characterized by a “general decline” in the price level of goods and services over a specific period.”

“The branch of optical science and technique for measuring light intensity based on human visual perception, or a quantitative method in astronomy used to determine the brightness and magnitude of celestial objects through specific passband filters on light-sensing instruments.”

“The process of developing or expanding an idea, concept, or argument in a detailed and systematic manner to provide deeper understanding. The term refers to the act of expounding a main point by incorporating supplementary explanations, concrete examples, and supporting analysis.”

“The process or result of providing an “impression”, opinion, or theoretical perspective regarding data, events, or phenomena.”

“A medical device used to assist patient breathing by providing “mechanical ventilation” support or replacing impaired lung function.”

“A rhetorical expression used to create a persuasive linguistic effect without expecting a direct answer”

“The process of “self-adjustment” to new environmental conditions or changes occurring in an organism, group, or system, to maintain its survival or function. This involves modifying behavior or structures to interact effectively with the changing “environment”.”

“Disruption is a phenomenon of fundamental, sudden, and comprehensive change that results in the disturbance of old orders or traditional systems, replacing them with new more innovative and efficient models, especially within the contexts of technology and the economy.”

“The process of adjustment and fusion of cultural, linguistic, or identity elements until resemblance or harmony is achieved; in formal contexts this term denotes social, linguistic, or policy mechanisms that promote integration between groups. Common equivalents for general audiences: “adjustment”, “integration”, “merging”, “mixing”. (Origin: assimilatio.)”

“The ability of a material, particularly metal or structural components, to undergo significant permanent plastic deformation or elongation without fracturing when subjected to tensile stress. This mechanical property indicates a substance's capacity to withstand tension before reaching a total structural failure.”

“A measure of force that causes an object to rotate around an axis or experience “twisting moment”. In civil engineering contexts, it refers to the force resulting in “torsional deformation” of structural elements.”

“Tendency of a body or system to maintain its state of motion or rest when not acted upon by external forces. In formal non-physical usage, “inertia” denotes the tendency of organizations, groups, or individuals to be slow to adapt or act in response to change.”

“A state of hypersensitivity of the body to specific substances triggered by an excessive “immune system” response.”

“An astronomical coordinate system indicating the position of a celestial body on the celestial sphere, measured eastward from the “vernal equinox” along the celestial equator, typically expressed in units of hours, minutes, and seconds.”

“The ability of an individual to read, write, comprehend, and effectively use information across various life contexts. In its broader sense, “literacy” encompasses not only basic reading and writing skills, but also critical thinking, textual analysis, and structured communication of ideas.”

“A unit of length used in astronomy to express the distances to astronomical objects outside the Solar System, equivalent to the distance at which one astronomical unit subtends an angle of one arcsecond, or approximately 3.26 “light-years”.”

“The process of “cleaning” or removing contaminants, harmful substances, or microorganisms from an object, surface, or environment to reduce the risk of disease transmission or other hazards.”

“The occurrence of an infectious disease that spreads rapidly across a large area and affects many victims. This phenomenon is characterized by an increase in the number of cases exceeding normal limits within a specific “population”.”