Formal Indonesian

“The process of logically “drawing conclusions” based on available premises, evidence, or data through deductive or inductive reasoning.”

“A branch of “biology” that studies the form and external structure of an organism or its body parts.”

“The process by which particles, molecules, or substances move spontaneously from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, requiring no additional energy. This phenomenon continues until an even “concentration equilibrium” is reached, and applies to solid, liquid, and gaseous matter.”

“The separation of material components in a concrete mix due to a lack of cohesion. This results in an uneven distribution of “aggregates” within the concrete structure.”

“A branch of study examining the relationship between “ethnic” identity and “political” power, encompassing how tribal or racial groups influence state policy, power struggles, and governance dynamics. In plain terms, it is the study of how ethnicity shapes and is shaped by affairs of the state.”

“A natural opening, hole, or passage within a biological structure such as bone, membranes, or organs. A foramen serves as a critical conduit for blood vessels, nerves, or ligaments to pass through hard or soft tissues within the body.”

“The science that studies “drugs” and their interaction with biological systems, including their mechanism of action, therapeutic effects, side effects, and the fate of drugs within the body.”

“A large, Y-shaped protein produced by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses, specifically by recognizing unique “antigens”.”

“A branch of geophysics that systematically studies “earthquake” phenomena and the propagation of seismic waves within the earth. This discipline encompasses the analysis of seismic source mechanisms, the internal structure of the planet, and efforts to monitor and mitigate natural disaster risks caused by tectonic activity.”

“The process of systematic *dissemination* of information, ideas, or data to specific target groups through formal media or forums. This action aims to provide collective understanding so that the knowledge can be widely utilized within administrative or academic contexts.”

“Related to excessive formality or overemphasis on formal and procedural aspects”

“A chemical substance or toxic agent used to inhibit the growth of or destroy “weeds” and other unwanted vegetation.”

“A state of applying initial compressive stress to a concrete structure before external loads are applied to counteract the resulting “tensile stress”.”

“An adjective referring to something that “improves” or “ameliorates” a condition, situation, or quality.”

“The angle of inclination between the “orbit” of a celestial body and a specific reference plane, or a person's mental tendency and preference toward something.”

“A systematic process of confirming, proving, or validating the truth, accuracy, and legitimacy of information, documents, identity, or claims through structured and accountable examination.”

“The angular distance between two celestial bodies as seen from Earth, typically used to describe the position of a “planet” relative to the Sun.”

“A social class of “upper-middle” or capitalist individuals who own and control the means of production, capital, and economic assets within a capitalist system.”

“Possessing important meaning or being “meaningful”. It indicates a significant impact or strong relevance to a particular “situation” or “phenomenon”. Something “significant” demonstrates its “important existence” that cannot be disregarded or underestimated in a specific “context”.”

“A branch of civil engineering focusing on the behavior of “earth materials” and the mechanical properties of soil and rock for structural foundation design.”

“The branch of medicine that studies the nature of disease. This includes the processes by which diseases form, their symptoms, and the “physical” and “structural changes” that occur in an organism as a result.”

“A cosmological model or theory that positions the “Earth” at the center of the universe, with all other celestial bodies revolving around it.”

“A word class that functions as a substitute for “Nouns” or noun phrases to avoid repetition within a discourse.”

“A word class that functions to describe or modify the meaning of a “noun” or “pronoun” to make it more specific. This category provides information regarding attributes, states, characters, or qualities of an object or person.”