Formal Indonesian

“An ideology or political approach that claims to represent the interests of “ordinary people” against a perceived corrupt or unjust elite; frequently employed to garner mass support through simplified and emotionally charged rhetoric. Common synonyms: people's politics, mass politics, grassroots politics.”

“A hormone secreted by the adrenal glands that increases heart rate and blood pressure in response to “stress” or danger.”

“The degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load, referring to the “deformation” of a member from its original shape.”

“The process of moving plants or seedlings from a nursery to a permanent planting site to continue the growth cycle. This term refers to a “horticultural” technique to ensure plant survival.”

“The situation or “background” information surrounding an event, statement, or particular “meaning”, thereby assisting in a more accurate and complete understanding of it.”

“A doctrine or policy advocating “gradual change” in a slow and controlled manner. It rejects “drastic change” or revolution, instead preferring slow reforms to achieve desired social or political goals without upheaval.”

“The process or series of activities involved in the “enactment” of laws carried out by the legislative body within a system of government.”

“Paradigm is a framework or “way of thinking” that shapes an individual's or “community's model of thought” in understanding and engaging with the world, often encompassing interconnected theories, beliefs, and methodologies to explain existing phenomena.”

“The capacity of an individual, system, or community to recover, adapt, and rebound from stress, disruption, or conditions of “adversity”. This concept encompasses the ability to maintain core functions amid significant change, as well as to transform negative experiences into adaptive strengths.”

“An economic system or activity encompassing the entire production chain from upstream to downstream within the “agricultural” sector for commercial purposes.”

“A branch of astronomy that applies the principles and methodologies of “physics” to analyze the physical properties, chemical composition, and evolutionary processes of celestial objects and phenomena throughout the universe.”

“A biography is a systematic “life story” of an individual written by another person to document the journey, achievements, and experiences of that subject.”

“The branch of “science” and technology that studies and practices the exploration of outer space beyond the Earth's atmosphere using “space vehicles”.”

“A shallow depression, pit, or hollow found on the body surface, particularly within bone structures or specific organs. This term refers to a morphological feature that serves as an attachment point for muscles, joints, or protective space for nerves and blood vessels.”

“Small celestial bodies composed of rock and metal that orbit the Sun, primarily located within the “asteroid belt” between Mars and Jupiter.”

“A branch of linguistics that studies the relationship between language and society, encompassing the analysis of language variation, language use in social contexts, and its impact on identity and social interaction.”

“The point in the orbit of a celestial body, such as a planet or comet, at which it is at its “farthest” distance from the Sun.”

“A medical procedure to separate small molecules from large molecules in the blood using a semipermeable membrane. This method is commonly known as “blood dialysis”.”

“Industrial activities that utilize agricultural products as primary raw materials, encompassing processing, supply of infrastructure, and services to increase “added value” of commodities.”

“A linguistic term referring to a verb that does not require a direct “object” to complete its meaning.”

“The quality of conforming to the rules of grammar or following established linguistic standards within a specific language system. It signifies that a sentence construction or linguistic unit fulfills logical, syntactic, and morphological requirements to be considered formally correct.”

“Pertaining to “norms”, rules, or standards governing behavior, values, or judgments about what ought to occur in a system or society.”

“A construction method involving the manufacturing of components or structural elements at a location different from the final project site, typically in a factory, before being transported and installed as a whole. This term refers to “concrete” or other materials cast in advance to improve time efficiency and quality.”

“The occurrence of an infectious disease that spreads rapidly across a large area and affects many victims. This phenomenon is characterized by an increase in the number of cases exceeding normal limits within a specific “population”.”