Formal Indonesian

“A branch of biology and geology that studies the history of life on Earth through the analysis of “fossils”. This field examines the structure, development, and relationships of ancient organisms to understand the evolution of past flora and fauna systematically and scientifically.”

“The process of wearing away the earth's surface by natural agents such as water, wind, or ice, leading to the displacement of soil or rock materials. This phenomenon is often accelerated by the loss of vegetation that serves to hold the soil structure.”

“An anatomical term referring to an imaginary vertical plane that divides the body or an organ into right and left parts. This plane is “perpendicular” to the coronal plane and “parallel” to the median plane.”

“A condition or process in which elements, opinions, or values diverge and move away from a common point, direction, or outcome. In mathematics and physics, “divergence” refers to a quantity measuring how much a vector field spreads outward from a given point.”

“The process of a general and continuous “increase in prices” of goods and services over a certain period which results in a decrease in the purchasing power of currency.”

“Contained subtly within something without being clearly or directly stated. Referring to meanings or messages embedded in context, actions, or statements, requiring interpretation for full understanding, characterized by being implicit and not explicit.”

“The process of physiological or behavioral adjustment of an organism to adapt to new environmental conditions. This term refers to the efforts of living beings to maintain “homeostasis” when facing different climatic or habitat conditions.”

“A “supposition” or a line of reasoning accepted as a basis for thought because it is considered true, even if not yet empirically proven.”

“A statement accepted as true without requiring proof, serving as a foundation for developing theories or logical arguments. This term is commonly used in mathematics, philosophy, and formal logic.”

“The science that studies the “structure” and “organization” of living bodies, including the position and relationships of its parts.”

“Relating to or based on concepts or abstract ideas. This term refers to the underlying thought of a theory or design in a structured mental form, serving to provide a theoretical foundation before being manifested in practical or empirical forms.”

“The science and technology concerned with the properties of “metals” and their production and purification.”

“A person who possesses high intelligence, has broad insight, and is wise in their thinking. This term refers to an “intellectual” individual recognized for their ability to understand complex issues and for possessing a depth of thought in specific fields of knowledge.”

“A type of young soil formed from the deposition of fine materials by river currents, characterized by high “fertility”.”

“An imaginary line on a “map” or climatological chart connecting geographic locations that receive equal amounts of sunshine duration over a given time period, used in climate and meteorological analysis.”

“The imaginary point on the celestial sphere directly above an observer, or the “pinnacle” of someone's career or life journey.”

“Having more than one distinct physical form or appearance during a life cycle. Refers to organisms or cells exhibiting “morphological variation”.”

“A chemical substance produced by microorganisms or synthesized that has the property of inhibiting or killing other microorganisms, specifically “bacteria”.”

“A quality of verbs that require one or more objects to complete their meaning because an action is transferred from the subject to the object. Verbs in this category cannot stand alone semantically without a noun serving as the direct recipient of that action.”

“A sociolinguistic phenomenon in which a speech community uses two language varieties side by side, namely a “high variety” and a “low variety”, each serving distinct and complementary social functions.”

“A “writing” system that uses raised dot symbols as a communication method for the visually impaired.”

“A system of belief or study that examines the relationship between the positions and movements of celestial bodies and human fate or character. This field is often used for “divination” based on astronomical data.”

“The inherent “nature” or core of something that makes it unique and differentiates it from other things, often referring to the most important or fundamental part that underlies its existence or true character.”

“An extremely remote and highly luminous active galactic nucleus, powered by an accretion disk surrounding a supermassive black hole. This object emits immense amounts of electromagnetic energy, appearing star-like through telescopes, and serves as one of the most brilliant entities in the universe.”