Formal Indonesian

“Electromagnetism is the branch of physics that studies the interaction between electric fields and magnetic fields as a single, interrelated phenomenon. This field encompasses the study of electric charges, currents, and electromagnetic radiation which form the basis for fundamental laws of the universe.”

“Describing something that appears or develops in an “atypical” location, or that occurs irregularly and sporadically, deviating from the standard or expected pattern. The term is primarily used in biological, botanical, and medical contexts to refer to “ectopic” growth or the emergence of a structure outside its normal position.”

“The process of unifying or merging various distinct elements, systems, groups, or entities into a single coherent and functional whole. In the context of public policy and organizational management, “integration” refers to a coordinated effort to unify previously separate components so that they operate synergistically.”

“A group of organic “chemical compounds” with structures derived from catechol, which function as “neurotransmitters” or hormones within the body.”

“A scientific analytical technique that studies the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter to determine the structure, composition, or physical properties of a substance. This method measures the intensity of light absorbed, emitted, or scattered as a function of wavelength or frequency.”

“Action or process that deliberately reduces or removes “legitimacy” from an individual, institution, policy, or idea, causing its validity or authority to be questioned or lost.”

“Having contradictory feelings, attitudes, or thoughts simultaneously toward a subject or situation. This condition is characterized by the presence of two opposing values or impulses that coexist, resulting in hesitation or uncertainty in decision-making.”

“An individual trained to travel and conduct missions in “outer space” using a spacecraft.”

“A branch of physics that studies the relationship between “thermal energy” and other forms of energy, as well as the laws governing energy transfer and conversion within physical systems.”

“A political “ideology” that is authoritarian, characterized by centralized state power, suppression of opposition, and extreme nationalism.”

“A measure of the degree of disorder or chaos within a system, where a higher entropy value indicates a greater level of “uncertainty” and the dispersal of energy that can no longer be utilized. This concept applies in thermodynamics, information theory, and various other scientific disciplines.”

“A group of plants selected and cultivated for specific unique, stable, and uniform characteristics, which are maintained through specific propagation methods.”

“Relating to or situated at the “side”. This term is often used in anatomical or medical contexts to describe the relative position of an object.”

“A hormone and neurotransmitter produced by the adrenal glands, used in medicine as an “emergency drug” to treat anaphylaxis, cardiac arrest, and severe bronchospasm by stimulating adrenergic receptors.”

“An astronomical phenomenon occurring when one celestial body is hidden by another celestial body that has a larger “angular diameter” from the observer's perspective.”

“A word class used to identify people, objects, places, or abstract concepts, which syntactically often functions as a subject or object within a sentence structure. In Indonesian grammar, “nomina” is referred to as a noun.”

“A branch of philosophy that examines the structure of subjective experience and “consciousness” as directly lived from the first-person perspective, without reduction to causal or objective explanations.”

“A linguistic form or category that expresses the meaning of largeness, greatness, or an increased degree relative to its base word, as opposed to the “diminutive” which expresses smallness or reduction.”

“An official “decree” or order issued by a head of state during a state of emergency to resolve constitutional crises.”

“The state of cessation in flow, movement, or development resulting in an inactive or static condition. In economic and social contexts, this term refers to a prolonged period during which no significant growth or progress occurs.”

“A substance or mixture of chemicals used to prevent, control, or eliminate harmful organisms considered as “pests” on plants.”

“Unfair treatment or “restriction” against individuals or groups based on specific characteristics, often involving systemic exclusion or harassment.”

“The world or “industry” related to musical activities, performances, and all commercial and creative aspects within it.”

“The process of “recognizing” a disease or condition based on symptoms, signs, and supporting examination results to accurately establish its character and identity.”