Formal Indonesian

“The outermost layer of the sun or a star that emits energy as “electromagnetic radiation” in the visible light spectrum, making it visually observable.”

“A medical procedure involving the removal of tissue or cell samples from a patient's body for microscopic examination to detect diseases or determine the presence of a “tumor”.”

“A procedural tactic in legislative sessions involving deliberately excessive prolonged speeches or debates to delay, obstruct, or prevent a vote on a bill or decision. The practitioner exploits unlimited speaking rights as a “procedural weapon” to exhaust opponents or stall proceedings until the session expires. (Synonyms: time-delaying speech, parliamentary obstruction tactic, legislative stalling maneuver)”

“The highest point or peak state reached by a celestial body when crossing the observer's meridian. Figuratively, it refers to the “pinnacle” of success, emotion, or the development of an event.”

“The angle of inclination between the “orbit” of a celestial body and a specific reference plane, or a person's mental tendency and preference toward something.”

“A localized collection of pus formed within a cavity of body tissue due to an infectious or inflammatory process. It is characterized by swelling containing exudate fluid and serves as a biological defense mechanism to isolate pathogenic material from spreading to surrounding areas.”

“A non-cash payment instrument in the form of a written order from a customer to a bank to transfer a specific amount of funds to a payee. “Bilyet” functions as a legally valid document in financial transactions subject to strict administrative procedures.”

“A “formal agreement” or “provision” established by an institution or group regarding the technical standards for report writing or standard operating procedures.”

“A mechanical system that utilizes power through incompressible liquid “fluids” to generate motion or force in heavy equipment and automotive components.”

“A cropping system involving the simultaneous cultivation of “multiple plant species” on the same plot of land.”

“A branch of agricultural science dealing with the theory and practice of “crop production” and scientific soil management.”

““Hypothesis” is a “provisional explanation” of a phenomenon that can be tested through scientific methods to verify its validity.”

“An individual who is an active “participant” in the family planning program known as “Keluarga Berencana” (KB).”

“A deviation or disturbance in the formation of images by an optical system resulting in a lack of sharpness or color “distortion”. This term also refers to a deviation from a normal state or standard.”

“A linguistic degree of comparison expressing the “highest” or most extreme quality or state among a group.”

“Having the nature of a “predicate” or functioning as the part of a sentence that expresses what is said about the subject.”

“The branch of philosophy that specifically studies the nature, source, limits, and validity of knowledge. This field critically analyzes the human process of attaining truth, the criteria for intellectual justification, and the methodological structures underlying the systematic formation of science.”

“The use of rhetoric or political tactics that aim to manipulate “emotion” and public prejudice to secure support, often accompanied by empty promises, issue simplification, and incitement. Common equivalents: “emotional manipulation”, “propaganda”, “inciting rhetoric”, “political agitation”.”

“A synthetic aminoquinoline derivative compound that functions as an antimalarial and systemic amebicide. This substance works by inhibiting the growth of “Plasmodium” parasites within human red blood cells, and is used in therapies for specific autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.”

“A branch of biology that studies the “distribution” patterns of living organisms and the phenomena influencing those patterns across “space” and time.”

“The investigation of an event or text to determine the actual situation through the process of “deconstructing” its supporting components.”

“A meteorological and chemical process referring to the falling of water particles from the atmosphere to the earth's surface in various forms, such as rain, snow, or frost. In chemistry, “precipitation” refers to the process by which a solid substance is deposited from a solution due to a chemical reaction or change in physical conditions. More broadly, the term is also used to describe the acceleration or hastening of an event.”

“A logical consequence or indirect result contained within a statement, decision, or specific action. Refers to things that logically or practically follow from a given condition, even if not explicitly stated.”

“The distribution of a portion of a company's earnings, given to “shareholders” based on the number of shares held.”