Formal Indonesian

“The process of rock or soil erosion occurring in coastal areas caused by the “destructive” force of ocean waves and tidal currents.”

“The process by which solvent molecules pass through a “semipermeable membrane” from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration, until equilibrium is reached on both sides of the membrane.”

“The capacity of different systems, devices, or organizations to exchange information and function in an integrated manner without technical or semantic barriers; the principle of “interoperability” within digital or institutional ecosystems.”

“A party that exists outside of the government and acts as a supervisor or balancer to the current “power” policies.”

“A statistical or conceptual relationship between two or more variables, indicating the degree to which a change in one variable is associated with a change in another. In scientific contexts, “correlation” does not necessarily imply causation, but rather describes the degree of association or co-variation between observed variables.”

“A sequence of stories, explanations, or statements arranged in order to convey a particular message or point of view. In informal contexts, “narasi” often refers to the way someone frames an issue, event, or argument to sound convincing and aligned with a particular party's interests.”

“The ability of a material or substance to transmit or conduct heat, electricity, or energy efficiently.”

“An astronomical configuration where three celestial bodies in a gravitational system are arranged in a “straight line”.”

“A word class that serves to express an “action”, existence, experience, or other dynamic concepts.”

“A narrative technique in literature and cinematography referring to a flashback, involving the insertion of past events into the current storyline to provide context or explanation for present circumstances.”

“A narrative “work” containing the life history of a person written by that individual themselves.”

“An astronomical event where the sun crosses the celestial equator, resulting in nearly equal duration of day and night globally. This phenomenon marks the beginning of astronomical season changes in the northern and southern hemispheres.”

“The smallest unit of sound in a language system that serves to distinguish word meanings. As an abstract unit, a phoneme is realized through allophone pronunciations whose variations maintain the same semantic identity within a specific phonological environment.”

“Describing an aquatic organism capable of tolerating and adapting to a wide range of “salinity” levels in its environment. An euryhaline organism possesses strong osmoregulatory capacity, allowing it to survive in freshwater, brackish, and marine environments.”

“A pandemic is an epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads rapidly and extensively, transcending geographical and national boundaries, and typically affects populations on a “global” or at least continental scale.”

“An anatomical term referring to the “front” or belly side of an organism. It is used to describe the position of body structures located toward the anterior surface in humans or the underside in quadrupeds.”

“Characterized by being based on actual *experience or direct observation that is externally verifiable. This term refers to knowledge acquired through field data and physical experimentation* to ensure factual accuracy beyond speculative theoretical frameworks.”

“The period or stage of development of a pathogen within a host, before the onset of disease symptoms. This term also refers to the process of “developing” an idea or project gradually.”

“A modern agricultural technique combining “fertilization” and “irrigation” processes into a single system. This method distributes nutrient solutions or minerals directly to plant roots through drip systems or scheduled watering to improve maintenance efficiency and optimize growth.”

“A system of government in which “absolute power” is concentrated in a single individual, with no checks or balances from external institutions. (Synonyms: dictator, tyrant, autocrat)”

“The branch of science that deals with “celestial objects” and physical phenomena originating outside the Earth's atmosphere.”

“Konstitusi is the supreme legal document or set of fundamental rules governing the administration, power structure, and essential rights of citizens within a state. This term functions as a “juridical foundation” that defines the limits of governmental authority and serves as the primary reference for drafting all subordinate legislation.”

“Functions as a noun modifier, providing information or “attributes” to a thing or concept.”

“A word placed before a noun or pronoun that serves to connect those words with other parts of the sentence within a “syntactic” structure.”