The Living Archive.

“First-person singular pronoun in archaic Malay and old orthography, equivalent to “saya” or “I/me”; used as both subject and object in a sentence.”

“Feeling unwilling or apprehensive about doing something due to a “sense of deference”, discomfort, or not wanting to hurt another's feelings.”

“An expression used to ask for permission or excuse when “passing by” someone or when about to ask a question or interrupt. This word aims to prevent an impression of impoliteness and show “respect” to the interlocutor.”

“Particle in Javanese meaning yes or agree, used to express agreement, acceptance, acknowledgment, or affirmation politely and respectfully; “nggih” signals compliance or confirmation of a statement and functions as a marker of courtesy in spoken interaction, often chosen to preserve a respectful tone in address.”

“An ideology or political approach that claims to represent the interests of “ordinary people” against a perceived corrupt or unjust elite; frequently employed to garner mass support through simplified and emotionally charged rhetoric. Common synonyms: people's politics, mass politics, grassroots politics.”

“A feeling of annoyance, irritation, or displeasure experienced due to an unpleasant or disappointing situation; the informal equivalent of “sebal” (to be fed up or annoyed).”

“Archaic form of the word mau, meaning to want, to intend, or to have the desire to do something. Used as a modal verb expressing the will or intention of a subject toward an action. The spelling “maoe” is the official orthographic representation of the 'u' sound under the old spelling system.”

“Not proper or not in accordance with the norms of decency and ethics prevailing in society. Refers to behavior, speech, or actions considered to violate manners and the values of Javanese culture, which may bring shame or social reproach from one's community.”

“An emotional state expressing mild to moderate annoyance, frustration, or anger, typically experienced due to an event or behavior that does not meet expectations or causes discomfort.”

““Misti” (Van Ophuijsen) means must, ought to, obligated, or necessary to do something, indicating a necessity or an obligation. This word signifies that an action is unavoidable or an absolute requirement.”

“To continue or proceed with an ongoing or interrupted action, process, or conversation. This word indicates the continuation of an activity or task from the point where it stopped or was not yet completed. It can also mean to “carry out” existing instructions or plans.”

“How; an interrogative form asking about the state, manner, or condition of something in colonial-era Malay”

“Indicating a large quantity or number; exceeding the average or expectation.”

“The activity of ngabuburit (passing time while waiting for the Iftar breaking of the fast) done by cruising or riding vehicles — motorcycles or cars — together with friends or a community during Ramadan. It combines social, recreational, and riding elements as an active and enjoyable way to spend late afternoons.”

“Something that happens as a consequence of a cause or action; the final result of an event.”

“A word in Javanese Krama speech level meaning 'many' or 'abundant quantity'. It is the formal equivalent of the Ngoko word 'akeh'.”

“An informal expression used to emphasize the sincerity or truthfulness of a statement in everyday conversation. It is a modern variation of the word 'honest' modified with the '-ly' suffix to provide additional emphasis on the speaker's intent.”

“In a state of being broken, messy, or not functioning properly; an informal synonym for 'destroyed' or 'ruined'.”

“Akeh refers to a large or numerous quantity, often used in informal or slang contexts in the Javanese region to express something in a greater quantity than usual.”

“A slang term describing a state or attitude of being calm, relaxed, and unhurried when dealing with certain situations. This word is often used to advocate for tranquility and to avoid panic, indicating that someone is not easily worried or tense.”

“Snarky or spiteful attitude expressed through sharp comments.”

“Colloquial slang for imagining unrealistic things; a clipped form of 'hallucination'. In everyday use it means 'being delusional' or 'daydreaming'—usually joking or teasing rather than clinical.”

“A person's ability or skill in charming, seducing, or attracting the attention of others, often with a strong personal appeal.”

“Djadi is an archaic spelling of the word 'jadi', which functions as a marker of consequence, change of status, or the beginning of an action. It can mean 'then', 'become', or 'thus'.”