Formal Indonesian

“The ability of an “economic entity” or company to meet its short-term financial obligations on time by utilizing its current assets.”

“The point in the orbit of a planet, comet, or other celestial body that is nearest to the Sun. This phenomenon occurs due to the elliptical nature of orbital paths, where the object reaches its maximum orbital velocity while passing through this position.”

“The apparent displacement or difference in the position of an object viewed along two different lines of sight. This phenomenon is commonly used in “astronomy” to measure the distance of celestial bodies.”

““Cortisone” is a naturally occurring steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex, with the chemical formula C21H28O5, playing a significant role in the regulation of carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism in the body.”

“A positive electrode in an electrochemical cell that functions to attract electrons from an external circuit.”

“A steel bar or “stirrup” installed circling the main concrete reinforcement to resist shear and torsion forces.”

“A regime is a governing system or a power faction that holds control over a state during a specific period. This term refers technically to the “management” or administrative “governance” by the ruling authority in executing public policy.”

“A sustainable land management system that combines agricultural crops with forestry plants or livestock on the same land unit. This term refers to the practice of “agroforestry” aimed at increasing productivity and ecosystem sustainability.”

“Crystallography is a branch of science that studies the arrangement of “atoms” in solids. This field focuses on determining the internal structure of crystals through diffraction methods to understand the physical and chemical properties of materials systematically and accurately.”

“Convergence is the state of moving toward a single point of meeting or the process of uniting different elements, systems, or technologies into an integrated whole. This term refers to the phenomenon of decreasing differences or increasing functional similarity within a structure.”

“Mathematical measure indicating a material's ability to resist or “impede” electrical current flow in specific units.”

“A “market” condition in which a single entity has exclusive control over the supply of goods or services, thereby eliminating competition.”

“A system of cultivation or agricultural practice involving the continuous planting of a single crop species within a specific land area. This method prioritizes production efficiency over biodiversity, often resulting in increased risks of soil degradation and susceptibility to massive pest outbreaks.”

“A systematic description of the “methods”, techniques, or steps applied within a scientific investigation.”

“A closed plane curve that is symmetrical and resembles an elongated circle, geometrically defined as the set of points where the sum of distances from two fixed points or “foci” remains constant.”

“An organism capable of synthesizing its own organic compounds from simple inorganic substances, such as carbon dioxide and water, by utilizing solar energy through the process of “photosynthesis” or chemical energy through chemosynthesis.”

“A linguistic property of verbs that do not require a direct object to complete their meaning. The action expressed by the subject remains with the doer and does not pass over to a direct recipient within a sentence structure.”

“Characteristic or process related to the activity or function of enzymes in biological systems, describing catalytic chemical mechanisms.”

“A viewpoint or way someone perceives and understands a situation, problem, or phenomenon based on background, experience, and personal judgment. “Perspective” reflects a framework of thinking that shapes one's interpretation of reality, meaning two people can interpret the same event differently.”

“A deviation from an established pattern, rule, or condition considered “normal” or standard. Refers to an event, phenomenon, or data point that does not conform to prevailing expectations, theories, or norms within a given system or field of study.”

“The angular distance of a celestial body measured north or south from the “celestial equator” along a declination circle. It is expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds of arc.”

“The electoral viability and public appeal of a candidate, reflecting the likelihood of being chosen in an election; Typically measured through opinion polls, surveys, and voter data analysis. The concept is central to understanding political dynamics and campaign strategy in democratic contexts.”

“The process or result of developing new “ideas”, methods, or tools that provide added value compared to previously existing solutions.”

“A “bibliography” containing a list of books or “writings” used as reference sources in academic writing.”