Old Indonesian / Malay

“First-person singular pronoun 'I' or 'me' in old Van Ophuijsen spelling”

“How; an interrogative form asking about the state, manner, or condition of something in colonial-era Malay”

““Misti” (Van Ophuijsen) means must, ought to, obligated, or necessary to do something, indicating a necessity or an obligation. This word signifies that an action is unavoidable or an absolute requirement.”

“To continue or proceed with an ongoing or interrupted action, process, or conversation. This word indicates the continuation of an activity or task from the point where it stopped or was not yet completed. It can also mean to “carry out” existing instructions or plans.”

“Pajoeng is the old spelling of payung, an object used to protect oneself from rain or sunlight.”

“Referring to, based on, or in accordance with something; used to state the source of information, an opinion, or a rule.”

“An archaic spelling of anaknya, referring to the “child” belonging to or associated with a previously mentioned person. It is a combination of the root word anak (child) and the possessive suffix -nja, which in Van Ophuijsen orthography serves as the equivalent of the modern suffix -nya.”

“An archaic spelling variant of perjalanan, referring to the process or act of traveling or moving from one place to another, written according to the “Van Ophuijsen” orthographic system used in the Dutch colonial era before 1947.”

“To receive or experience “good fortune” and favorable fate; to be in a condition that is advantageous materially or circumstantially. Represents the Van Ophuijsen orthographic form of the Modern Indonesian word beruntung.”

“A model or pattern used as a reference to be imitated or followed. This term functions as an example or sample that demonstrates the original form or nature of something in a comparison. Derived from the root word contoh in archaic spelling.”

“A small amount of light or hope; a tiny glimmer or faint trace that is barely visible.”

“Small in size, quantity, or territorial scope; an archaic spelling of the modern Indonesian word “kecil”, written according to the Van Ophuijsen orthographic system used before the 1947 spelling reform.”

“An archaic verbal form equivalent to melarikan, meaning to take oneself away secretly or hastily from a place without notice, often due to fear, shame, or to avoid consequences. Written in the “Van Ophuijsen orthography” used before 1947.”

“A verb referring to the activity of comprehending written content by observing and recognizing phonetic symbols. This word is an archaic form meaning to “utter” or “process” written text. This term serves as an orthographic variant of the modern word baca.”

“An informal or dialectal form of dalam, referring to the interior portion or the side situated within a space, object, or place.”

“Archaic form of the word mau, meaning to want, to intend, or to have the desire to do something. Used as a modal verb expressing the will or intention of a subject toward an action. The spelling “maoe” is the official orthographic representation of the 'u' sound under the old spelling system.”

“Husband or wife of one's child. Informal/slang variant of “menantu”, often reflecting the colloquial mantu form and historically spelled as “mantoe”.”

“The “Van Ophuijsen orthography” spelling of the word buka, used during the Dutch colonial period and early Indonesian independence. Refers to the act of making something no longer closed, either literally or figuratively, such as opening a door, revealing a secret, or commencing an activity.”

“An archaic spelling of republik (republic), referring to a system of government in which supreme power is held by the people and exercised through elected representatives. This concept describes a state not led by a king or emperor, but by a leader accountable to its citizens.”

“An active verb meaning to bring forth offspring from the womb. In a tempo doeloe context, it refers to the act of giving birth to a child. This term is an archaic spelling variant of the modern Indonesian word melahirkan.”

“An old term for 'acne' or 'blemish' on the skin, commonly used in the 'tempo doeloe' era to describe a bumpy skin condition.”

“Verb meaning to swallow liquid or beverage into the mouth and throat”

“Noun. An archaic spelling of bininya referring to the wife or legal female spouse of a third party. This term utilizes a possessive suffix to denote a marital relationship within the context of classical Malay or colonial-era literature.”

“An archaic and informal spelling variant of masih, meaning still or continuing to be in an unchanged state or condition up to the time referenced.”