Old Indonesian / Malay

“A requirement or condition that must be fulfilled; a stipulation or provision set as a prerequisite in an agreement, transaction, or arrangement.”

“The name of Indonesia's capital city during the pre-independence and early independence periods written in the Van Ophuijsen orthography. It refers to the administrative and economic hub on the island of Java now officially known as Jakarta.”

“An explanatory conjunction used to introduce or specify something previously mentioned; an archaic spelling variant of yaitu under the Van Ophuijsen orthographic system, where the phoneme /y/ was rendered as the letter 'j'. Synonymous with “yakni” in its function as a clarifying conjunction. (Modern Synonym: yaitu)”

“A word used to indicate a specific “time” or hour of the day; an archaic spelling of pukul commonly used during the Dutch colonial era in the Dutch East Indies.”

“A piece of land surrounded by water on all sides, whether in sea, lake, or river”

“Archaic spelling of menulis (to write), referring to the act of forming letters, numbers, or symbols using a writing instrument such as a pen or pencil.”

“Noun phrase. Van Ophuijsen spelling form of orang tuanya, referring to one's parents, specifically the father and mother as the individuals who gave birth to and raised a person. The element nja functions as a possessive marker meaning “his, her, or their”.”

“Itoe is an old spelling for the word 'itu', indicating something far away.”

“An informal or non-standard variant of the word “ayah”, referring to a “male parent” or “father”. Used in informal contexts or daily conversation.”

“A state of misfortune or bad luck befalling a person; an expression of calamity or ill fate used in colonial-era Malay-Indonesian, representing an archaic spelling variant of the word “celaka”.”

“The front side, surface, or initial face of an object, specifically referring to a “page” number within the context of letters or official documents. It is the archaic spelling of muka used to denote a specific location or position in correspondence sheets.”

“Moedah is an adjective meaning easy, not difficult, or simple in classical Malay. Often used in contexts of simplicity or ease of doing something.”

“An archaic spelling of keramaian, referring to a celebration, festivity, or lively atmosphere filled with crowds and merriment.”

“Archaic spelling of tolong, meaning to ask for or render “assistance” to another person; Commonly found in colonial-era Malay and Indonesian texts.”

“Archaic spelling of panjang (long/lengthy). In the context of news or correspondence, refers to information that is detailed or extensive in scope and elaboration.”

“Indicates a state that “exceeds” the proper limit or measure, often used as an adverb to intensify an adjective.”

“An archaic spelling of mantri, referring to a low-ranking government employee or medical assistant, particularly one assigned to public health duties such as vaccination or basic medical care.”

“An archaic form of “seterimanya”, functioning as a temporal conjunction meaning upon receipt or after receiving something, used to mark the sequence of time in an event or action. Written according to the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System in use before 1947, where 'u' is rendered as 'oe' and the suffix '-nya' as '-nja'.”

“An archaic spelling of kerja, referring to labor or work performed by an individual to earn a livelihood or fulfill daily obligations.”

“A preposition indicating purpose, dedication, or the intended beneficiary of an action. This is the boeat spelling under the “Van Ophuijsen Orthography” system used in the Dutch colonial era, equivalent to the modern Indonesian buat.”

“Being in a living state and carrying out life functions. This word is the hidup spelling under the “Van Ophuijsen Orthography” system used before 1947, where the vowel 'u' was written as 'oe'.”

“Rakjat is a term referring to ordinary people or the common masses during the tempoe doeloe (the old days) of the Dutch East Indies. The word describes the lower social class that had no special status or high rank, unlike the priyayi, government officials, or nobility.”

“A rational being with feelings, will, and the ability to think; a “person”. (Modern Synonym: manusia)”

“An individual who examines or interprets written text in literary and mass media publications. This term refers to the target audience of a narrative or news report within the context of early Indonesian language development using the Van Ophuijsen orthography or old spelling system.”